Controller Placement in Vehicular Networks: A Novel Algorithm Utilizing Elite Opposition-Based Salp Swarm and an Adaptable Approach

The rapid advancement of networking technology has enabled small devices to have communication capabilities, but the current decentralized system is not ideal for heterogeneous networks like vehicular networks. integration routing, switching, and decision-making capabilities in same network device limits innovation impedes performance networks, especially where topologies change frequently. To address demands such Software-Defined Networking (SDN) provides a promising solution that supports innovation. However, SDN's single-controller-based may restrict network's operational despite being programmable flexible. This paper suggests two methods tackle complex problem controller placement SDN: an adaptable approach based on OpenFlow protocol OpenNet evolutionary algorithm called Elite Opposition-Based Salp Swarm Algorithm (EO-SSA) minimize propagation latency, load imbalance, resilience. Multiple controllers increase provide fault tolerance, their requires trade-off among various objectives. proposed been evaluated analyzed confirm effectiveness. adequate SDN offers can meet